- C -

C-AFM

Contact AFM
In contact AFM modes of operation scanning probe tip touches with the investigated sample surface. During scanning the probe or sample can be vibrated with frequencies below resonance, in resonance (including overtones) and above resonance. Contact AFM includes several d.c.and a.c. modes: constant-height mode, constant-force mode,  force modulation mode,  scanning microdeformation microscopy,  resonance contact scanning force microscopy,  ultrasonic force microscopy (sample-induced and waveguide),  heterodyne force microscopy, and so on.

Conducting AFM

CAM

constant-amplitude mode of non-contact AFM.
In constant-amplitude mode the tip is oscillating with a constant amplitude A of typically 1–10 nm at the eigenfrequency f of the cantilever, which may shift by Df due to forces between tip and sample. The oscillation amplitude is kept constant by a regulation circuit that excites a piezoactuator with a sinusoidal voltage of the oscillation frequency f and an amplitude Vexc . The actuator shakes the fixed end of the cantilever. When the cantilever oscillation is damped due to the tip-sample interaction, Vexc will increase to maintain the oscillation amplitude constant. By recording Df and Vexc simultaneously, forces and dissipation can be measured.
Phys. Rev. B 62, 13674 (2000); Phys. Rev. B 61, 11151 (2000).

cantilever vibration mode

An atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with ultrasonic frequency vibration of a cantilever excited at its support. This method enables both topography and elasticity imaging of stiff samples such as metals and ceramics, without a need for bonding a transducer to the sample.
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35(1996) 3787.

CL

cantilever

calorimetric analysis with scanning microscopy
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 4268 (1996).

CCCM SCM

CCM

Calibration Curve Method or Conversion Curve Method
The calibration or conversion curve method (CCM) refers to using a database of calculations of the capacitance done for a matrix set of model parameters, such as oxide thickness, uniform dopant density, etc., as one method for interpreting Scanning Capacitance Microscope (SCM) measurements. The method was originally intended to help analyze SCM data for slowly varying dopant profiles, where the condition of quasi charge neutrality could be suitably maintained during SCM measurement.
J. Vac. Sci. Techn. B 18, 414 (2000).

CDI-mode

CEM

constant-excitation mode
Applied Physics A 66, # 7, S295 (1998).

CITS

Current imaging tunneling spectroscopy
J. Appl. Phys. 79, 2115 (1996).

CILO

Current Induced Local Oxidation
http://www.research.ibm.com/nanoscience/cilo.html

Carbon Nanotube

CODYMode

Combined Dynamic x Mode
In CODYMode SFM at least two oscillations with sufficiently different frequencies and amplitudes are superimposed and interact with the sample surface. This enables the concurrent measurement of the topography, adhesive and frictional forces beside further mechanical surface properties of the sample.
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 150 (2001).

constant-current mode for STM

In constant-current mode the feedback keeps the tip-surface current constant, and one deteckts the variations of the local height of the tip accordingly to the sample surface. In this mode one can measure irregular surfaces with high precision.

In constant-force mode the feedback keeps the force betveen the cantilever and sample surface (cantilever bending) constant.

contact potential difference

CVT

constant-vibration mode
Applied Physics A 66, # 7, S295 (1998).