Binnig G., D.P.E. Smith
Single-tube three-dimensional scanner for scanning tunneling microscopy
Rev. Sci.Instrum. 57 (8), 1986. 1688-1689.

We report s new type of three-dimensiohal mechanical scanner fabricated from a single piezoelectric tube. It has a tipical response of 5 nm/V in each orthogonal direction and mechanical resonanses at 8 kHz (bending perpendicular to the tube axis). When used in a scanning tunneling microscope it is the higher frequency modewhich is most critical since it cirresponds to motion perpendicular to the sample surface. We show an image of the atomic surface og graphite taken in air using a tube scanner incorporeted into a scanning tunneling microscope. The tube scanner allows the development of smaller, simpler, and faster scanning tunneling microscopes.